Brain Aneurysm

Nuffield Vascular and Interventional Radiology provides compassionate and comprehensive care for brain aneurysms. With precise techniques, diagnostics, and tailored treatment plans, our team is dedicated to supporting you every step of the way.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Brain Aneurysms

A brain aneurysm occurs when a blood vessel supplying the brain bulges or balloons. They are found in 1–2% of the population, most commonly affecting individuals aged 40 to 60 years.

Brain aneurysms may cause non-specific neurological symptoms such as headaches, double vision, and other issues. However, the most serious complication is a rupture, which can lead to a sudden, severe headache and immediate death in up to 20% of cases. For others, it can result in a serious haemorrhagic stroke, potentially causing long-term disability.

A ruptured brain aneurysm occurs when an unruptured aneurysm bursts, leading to bleeding in the brain.

These procedures include repairing damaged blood vessels, preventing and treating strokes, and removing abnormal growths. As minimally invasive techniques, they require smaller incisions, result in less pain, and offer shorter recovery times compared to traditional surgery. Overall, neurointerventional treatments provide a safe and effective solution for many neurological conditions.

Understanding the Risk Factors for Brain Aneurysms

The exact causes of brain aneurysms are not yet fully understood. However, several known risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing a cerebral aneurysm, including:

  • Family history of aneurysms
  • Smoking
  • High blood pressure (hypertension)
  • Polycystic kidney disease

 

It’s important to note that a brain aneurysm may become life-threatening if patients report experiencing the worst headache of their lives.

What Causes a Brain Aneurysm?

While the exact causes of brain aneurysms are not always fully understood, several factors can contribute to the weakening of blood vessel walls, leading to ballooning. These factors include:

  • High blood pressure (hypertension)
  • A family history of brain aneurysms
  • The patient’s age and gender
  • Smoking and drug use
  • Atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in the arteries)
  • In rare instances, head injuries or infections affecting the blood vessel walls.

 

Recognising the Symptoms of a Brain Aneurysm

Symptoms of a brain aneurysm typically appear when the blood vessel ruptures or grows large enough to press against nearby structures in the brain. The specific symptoms can vary depending on the size, location, and whether the aneurysm has ruptured.

Signs and Symptoms of an Unruptured Brain Aneurysm

  • Tingling or lack of sensation on one side of the face
  • Weakness or partial paralysis on one side of the face
  • Sagging of one eyelid
  • Persistent or severe headache
  • Distorted or impaired vision, such as blurriness or seeing double
  • Enlargement of a single pupil
  • Localised pain behind or above one eye

Warning Signs of a Ruptured Brain Aneurysm

Symptoms of a ruptured brain aneurysm may include:

  • Blurred or double vision, similar to an unruptured aneurysm
  • A sudden, intense headache often described as the “worst headache of one’s life”
  • Nausea and/or vomiting
  • Neck stiffness
  • Extreme sensitivity to light
  • Seizures
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Confusion or an altered mental state

 

Important: If someone exhibits symptoms of a ruptured brain aneurysm, seek immediate medical attention. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve survival chances and help prevent severe complications, such as a debilitating stroke.

How Are Brain Aneurysms Diagnosed?

A brain aneurysm can be diagnosed, and treatment planning initiated, with either a simple CT scan involving a dye injection into the arm or an MRI scan that does not require dye injection.

Exploring Treatment Options for Brain Aneurysms

At Nuffield Vascular and Interventional Radiology, we offer specialised care and treatments for brain aneurysms.

A brain aneurysm occurs when a weak or thin spot on an artery in the brain bulges and fills with blood. This bulging aneurysm can exert pressure on nearby nerves or brain tissue and, in severe cases, may rupture, causing a haemorrhage. Brain aneurysms are fully treatable, and early intervention—before rupture—is ideal.

The traditional method of open surgery, known as clipping, has been largely replaced by a minimally invasive endovascular technique called coiling. This procedure involves making a small 5 mm incision in the groin or wrist to access a blood vessel. Using this entry point, multiple small tubes (catheters) and wires are guided to the brain to block the aneurysm from within. This approach avoids the need for open skull surgery, offering faster treatment and quicker recovery times.

The Developments in Brain Aneurysm Treatments

Most patients can walk home within 1–2 days following treatment for an elective, unruptured brain aneurysm.

Advances in technology now allow us to treat nearly all types of brain aneurysms using minimally invasive interventional techniques, eliminating the need for open surgery. These include:

  • Balloon-Assisted Coiling, Stent-Assisted Coiling, and Bridging Device-Assisted Coiling: Methods that stabilise the coiling process for complex aneurysms.
  • Flow Diverters: Stent-like devices placed across the aneurysm’s neck to gradually seal it off while maintaining blood flow to normal brain branches. These are particularly effective for complex and challenging aneurysm anatomies.
  • Intrasaccular Occlusion Devices (e.g., WEB Device or Contour Device): Innovative tools designed to block the aneurysm from within.

 

The appropriate treatment depends on the size, location, and whether the aneurysm has ruptured. Learn more about these technologies, including brain coiling, stent placement, and alternative procedures such as surgical clipping, along with their risks and benefits.

As with all medical procedures, there are risks associated with these treatments, as brain aneurysms are serious conditions. The level of risk varies depending on the size, type, and location of the aneurysm, but it is generally very low, at approximately 1–2%. It is essential to consult with a brain aneurysm specialist to discuss the most suitable treatment based on your individual circumstances.

Your Health, Our Priority​

I’m here to help you regain control of your health. Together, we’ll manage your symptoms and prevent future complications using personalised care and innovative technology. – Dr Suresh Babu