Leg Swelling

Whether it stems from venous insufficiency, lymphedema, or another condition, Dr Suresh Babu and Nuffield Vascular and Interventional Radiology offer care and customised treatment solutions designed to meet your unique needs.

Understanding Leg Swelling

Leg swelling is a common condition that can affect individuals of all ages. It may occur suddenly (acute) or persist over time (chronic), impacting one or both legs. Various factors can contribute to leg swelling, with venous disorders being a frequent cause. Other potential triggers include certain medications, underlying medical conditions, and lymphatic issues.

Diagnosis involves a comprehensive evaluation, including a detailed medical history, physical examination, necessary blood tests, and a Doppler ultrasound to assess the legs.

Deep vs. Superficial Venous Systems

The venous system is divided into two primary components: the deep venous system and the superficial venous system, each serving distinct functions.

The deep venous system, situated within the muscles, is responsible for transporting most of the deoxygenated blood back to the heart. This system includes major veins like the femoral and popliteal veins, which manage a high volume of blood flow. One-way valves within these veins ensure that blood flows efficiently toward the heart, preventing backward movement.

The superficial venous system, located just beneath the skin and above the muscle fascia, collects blood from the skin and subcutaneous tissues. This system drains into the deep veins via perforating veins. Superficial veins, such as the great saphenous and small saphenous veins, are more visible and prone to issues like varicose veins and spider veins due to their proximity to the skin’s surface.

While both systems are essential for healthy blood circulation, they differ in location, function, and the conditions they are susceptible to.

Superficial Venous System – Great Saphenous Vein (GSV)

The longest vein in the body.
Commonly exhibits areas of aplasia or hypoplasia in the lower thigh, knee, and calf.
Typically follows a superficial subcutaneous pathway from the mid-thigh to the knee.
May enter and exit the saphenous sheath at varying locations.
Closely linked with the saphenous nerve below the mid-calf region.
Duplication occurs frequently (25% in the calf; 8% in the thigh).
Shows numerous normal anatomical variations at the Saphenofemoral Junction (SFJ).

Superficial Venous System – Small Saphenous Vein (SSV)

Located within the fascial space known as the saphenous sheath.
Originates posterior to the lateral malleolus.
Travels along the calf between the two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle.
May extend into the thigh in some cases.
Typically drains into the Saphenopopliteal Junction (SPJ).

Your Health, Our Priority

I’m here to help you regain control of your health. Together, we’ll manage your symptoms and prevent future complications using personalised care and innovative technology. – Dr Suresh Babu